What was the relationship between Jesus Christ and his father?

God the creator of heaven and earth was his true father by birth

Hebrews 2:14
Forasmuch then as the children
[all of mankind] are partakers of flesh and blood, he [Jesus Christ] also himself likewise took part of the same [the part of the flesh]; that through death [his death and sacrifice for mankind] he might destroy him [Satan] that had the power of death, that is, the devil;

He took the part of the flesh but not of the blood.  We are both from the flesh and blood of mankind.  That is why his blood had no sin. He was a man by the flesh, but not by the blood [The flesh meaning his physical body and the blood meaning his family lineage].
He had no earthly father. His mother was the woman
[Mary] where his father [God] created [inside the womb he was created, without the aid of the sperm of a man] him to be a man [this had never been done before].

Hebrews 2:16
For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham.

This above verse has been interpreted to say that [God became a man], however in context with other scriptures this is not what was meant.  This verse is represented as a figure of speech - not to be taken literally.  The verse says that Jesus Christ was not created as the angels [spirit beings], but was born as a man in the womb of a woman [Mary]He himself was not God but rather his only begotten son. God created no other man from the womb.

I Timothy 2:5
For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;

That is who Christ was and still is; the way to salvation, because he was Gods only begotten son.  He was obedient unto God unto his death. Therefore he is now at the right hand of his father, in his resurrected body which no more is bound by the nature nor will of the flesh and therefore is incorruptible.  At his birth he was a man of flesh and blood but in his resurrected body he was no longer trapped in a physical shell.  We who are born of the spirit of truth [born again], will also at Christ's appearing, be made incorruptible.

I John 3:2
Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.

Hebrews 10:12
But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;

The following verses need careful study to understand, but the last verse tells all that is needed to know concerning this passage.

1 Corinthians 15:20-28
20    But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.
21    For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.
22    For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.
23    But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming.
24    Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power.
25    For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet.
26    The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.
27    For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith, all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted, which did put all things under him.
28    And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.

Heb 2:7-10
7    Thou madest him a little lower than the angels
{Elohim - which is Hebrew for "God"}; thou crownedst him with glory and honour, and didst set him over the works of thy hands:
8    Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that he put all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put under him. But now we see not yet all things put under him.
9    But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour; that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man.
10    For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

When God has subjected all things under himself to his son [the angels included], then his son will also be subjected to him God as well, so that in the end God may reign supreme.
These among others are highly spiritual verses, and therefore require careful study and time to interpret properly.  They cannot be interpreted at a quick glance without misinterpreting them. For instance "
he" refers to both "Christ" or "God" depending on the context of each verse.  If Christ were God himself then what purpose would there be in subjecting himself under
himself - it would be totally illogical if not impossible?  See "
Some difficult to understand scriptures" link for a better breakdown of this passage.

John 13:16
16    Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he
[Jesus] that is sent greater than he [God] that sent him.

Also in the above verse Jesus himself declares his position with his father [God].

John 4:24
God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.

God himself is a spirit; he is not created from matter as his son was and all other earthly beings and elements.  Jesus Christ became a spiritual being when God raised him from death.

Luke 24:39
Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.

From all appearances to the disciples he was a man, because not only did he look like a man, he also ate like a man, spoke like a man and felt like a man. Yet his true nature was spiritual and not earthly. He himself was not a spirit like his father, nor was he an angle, but he simply had a spiritual body.  Because we are bound by flesh both in our bodies and mind it is nearly impossible to comprehend all spiritual things.

1Co 2:14    But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.

1Co 15:50    Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption.

Joh 4:23    But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship him.

Flesh and blood cannot cannot be spiritual in nature because they are corruptible, therefore they cannot become spiritual. This his why God gave us his word in a form that was comprehendible to us according unto our desire to learn it. The more we seek to study his word, the more we understand him and therefore the more things he reveals to us. This is not something that can be attained by just listening to others, but from knowing God and his word of truth.

John 14:10
Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works.

Why did Jesus declare that he and his father were one? It is because he always did his fathers will and not his own even unto his death. Remember when he said:

Luke 22:42
Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.

Gods will was that Jesus surrender himself to die by the hands of foolish men, as a sacrifice for all mankind.

1Jn 3:9
Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed remaineth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God.

Yes we may still commit sin in the flesh, but our spirit inside us which is from God remains incorruptible, and that spirit is the seed - which has no sin in itself.  Yet God forgives us from our frailties because he loves us, and wants us to love others and share his word of hope.  Therefore when we commit sin, and ask for his forgiveness, he forgives us continually as long as we ask him to.

1Jn 4:7
Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God.

True love is of God, and those who love in like manner are born of God.  The limited love that the rest of the world can give, always has a motive of selfishness behind it - it is not true love [example: you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours].  True love gives without expecting anything in return.

I Jn 5:1-13
1    Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God: and every one that loveth him that begat loveth him also that is begotten of him.
2    By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments.
3    For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous.
4    For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.
5    Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that Jesus is the Son of God?
6    This is he that came by water and blood, even Jesus Christ; not by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit that beareth witness, because the Spirit is truth.
7    For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.
8    And there are three that bear witness in earth, the spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one.
9    If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater: for this is the witness of God which he hath testified of his Son.
10    He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself: he that believeth not God hath made him a liar; because he believeth not the record that God gave of his Son.
11    And this is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son.
12    He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God hath not life.
13    These things have I written unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God; that ye may know that ye have eternal life, and that ye may believe on the name of the Son of God.

Verses 7 and 8 need much more than simple understanding, because this where much is lost from Gods message to us.   And it is this verse among a few others that what separates us and most Christian believers spiritually.   All of this would be foolish to speak or write to a non believer, because they have no concept of spiritual matters.  Therefore I write this to you, whoever you are, because I assume that you are a true Christian. Maybe not of full understanding yet, but true by your heart.   See "Some difficult to understand scriptures" link for a better understanding of this above passage.